Pertinence of Telehealth in a Rush Conversion to Virtual Allergy Practice During the COVID-19 Outbreak

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Molecular Allergen Profiling of Dual Mite Sensitization in Severe Allergic Rhinitis.

BACKGROUND: Mites are the most prevalent source of indoor allergens. The present study used a component-resolved diagnosis (CRD) approach to investigate the mite-specific IgE sensitization profile for Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus and Blomia tropicalis. We also assessed the performance of a commercially available CRD approach in patients with severe allergic rhinitis. METHODS: We selected 63 consecutive patients with dual sensitization to D pteronyssinus and B tropicalis and persistent severe rhinitis according to the ARIA guidelines. We performed skin prick tests with standardized extracts and determined specific serum IgE to both mites, along with serum specific IgE to Der p 1, Der p 2, Der p 23, Der p 10, and Blo t 5. RESULTS: Fifty-eight and 59 patients had positive sIgE to the whole extracts of D pteronyssinus and B tropicalis, respectively. While 91.67% of patients were sensitized to specific IgE to Der p 1, Der p 2, and/or Der p 23, specific IgE to Blo t 5 (≥0.3 ISU-E) was not detected in most of the serum samples (55%). CONCLUSIONS: Although the combination panel of the commercially available major allergens Der p 1, Der p 2, and Der p 23 identified more than 90% of the D pteronyssinus-allergic patients, Blo t 5 performed somewhat poorly in those sensitized to B tropicalis. Improvements in CRD and further research concerning the prevalence and clinical relevance of serodominant allergens are needed to achieve a genuine molecular diagnosis, as well as patient-centered mite allergy-specific immunotherapy.

Molecular allergen profiling of dual mite sensitization in severe allergic rhinitis

BACKGROUND: Mites are the most prevalent source of indoor allergens. The present study used a component-resolved diagnosis (CRD) approach to investigate the mite-specific IgE sensitization profile for Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus and Blomia tropicalis. We also assessed the performance of a commercially available CRD approach in patients with severe allergic rhinitis. METHODS: We selected 63 consecutive patients with dual sensitization to D pteronyssinus and B tropicalis and persistent severe rhinitis according to the ARIA guidelines. We performed skin prick tests with standardized extracts and determined specific serum IgE to both mites, along with serum specific IgE to Der p 1, Der p 2, Der p 23, Der p 10, and Blo t 5. RESULTS: Fifty-eight and 59 patients had positive sIgE to the whole extracts of D pteronyssinus and B tropicalis, respectively. While 91.67% of patients were sensitized to specific IgE to Der p 1, Der p 2, and/or Der p 23, specific IgE to Blo t 5 (≥0.3 ISU-E) was not detected in most of the serum samples (55%). CONCLUSIONS: Although the combination panel of the commercially available major allergens Der p 1, Der p 2, and Der p 23 identified more than 90% of the D pteronyssinus-allergic patients, Blo t 5 performed somewhat poorly in those sensitized to B tropicalis. Improvements in CRD and further research concerning the prevalence and clinical relevance of serodominant allergens are needed to achieve a genuine molecular diagnosis, as well as patient-centered mite allergy-specific immunotherapy

INTRODUCCIÓN: Los ácaros son los alérgenos de interior más prevalentes. El presente estudio investiga el perfil de sensibilización a Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus y Blomia tropicalis, así como el rendimiento del diagnóstico por componentes (CRD) disponible comercialmente en pacientes con rinitis alérgica grave persistente. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Seleccionamos 63 pacientes con rinitis grave persistente (Guía ARIA) con sensibilización dual a D. pteronyssinus y B. tropicalis. Se realizaron pruebas cutáneas en prick con extractos estandarizados, IgE sérica específica a ambos ácaros además de IgE específica a alérgenos individuales Der p 1, Der p 2, Der p 23, Der p 10 y Blo t 5. RESULTADOS: Cincuenta y ocho y 59 pacientes presentaron IgE específica positiva a extractos crudos de D. pteronyssinus y B. tropicalis, respectivamente. Aunque el 91,67% mostraron sensibilización a Der p 1, Der p 2 y/o Der p 23, Blo t 5 (≥0,3 ISU-E) no fue detectado en la mayoría (55%) de las muestras estudiadas. CONCLUSIONES: Aunque la combinación de alérgenos principales Der p 1, Der p 2 Der p 23, pudo identificar más del 90% de los pacientes sensibilizados a D. pteronyssinus, Blo t 5 presentó un rendimiento diagnóstico muy limitado para aquellos sensibilizados a B. tropicalis. Conocer la prevalencia y relevancia clínica de los alérgenos acarianos serodominantes en cada territorio contribuiría a una mejor identificación de sensibilizaciones genuinas en la era de la medicina de precisión

Success with multidisciplinary team work: experience of a primary immunodeficiency unit

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European Survey on Adverse Systemic Reactions in Allergen Immunotherapy (EASSI): a real-life clinical assessment.

BACKGROUND: Outside clinical trials, data on systemic reactions (SRs) due to allergen immunotherapy (AIT) are scarce. METHODS: A prospective, longitudinal, web-based survey of 'real-life' respiratory allergen immunotherapy (AIT) clinical practice was conducted in France, Germany and Spain. SRs were recorded and coded according to the Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities (MedDRA) and risk factors associated with SRs were identified. RESULTS: A total of 4316 patients (corresponding to 4363 ongoing courses of AIT) were included. A total of 109 SRs were recorded, and 90 patients (2.1%) presented at least one SR. Most of the SRs occurred in subcutaneous allergen immunotherapy (SCIT) (89%, n = 97). The most frequently reported symptoms were urticaria, rhinitis, dyspnoea and cough. Respiratory symptoms appeared before skin symptoms. Most SRs occurred during the up-dosing phase (75.8%) and were mild in severity (71.6%). Intramuscular adrenaline was administered in 17 SRs, but only 65% of these were subsequently classified as anaphylaxis. Independent risk factors for SRs during SCIT were as follows: the use of natural extracts (odds ratio, OR) [95% confidence interval (CI)] = 2.74 [1.61-4.87], P = 0.001), the absence of symptomatic allergy medications (1.707 [1.008-2.892], P = 0.047), asthma diagnosis (1.74 [1.05-2.88], P = 0.03), sensitization to animal dander (1.93 [1.21-3.09], P = 0.006) or pollen (1.16 [1.03-1.30], P = 0.012) and cluster regimens (vs rush) (4.18 [1.21-14.37], P = 0.023). A previous episode of anaphylaxis increased the risk for anaphylaxis in SCIT (OR [95% CI] = 17.35 [1.91-157.28], P = 0.01). CONCLUSION: AIT for respiratory allergy is safe, with a low number of SRs observed in real-life clinical practice. A personalized analysis of risk factors could be used to minimize SRs.

Yogurt in the treatment of Beta-lactoglobulin-induced gastrointestinal cow's milk allergy

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Assessment of a new brand of determinants for skin testing in a large group of patients with suspected beta-lactam allergy.

BACKGROUND: Skin testing with major and minor determinants of benzylpenicillin is recommended standard practice for the evaluation of patients with immediate hypersensitivity reactions to beta-lactams. However, commercial reagents for this purpose were recently dropped from the European market. OBJECTIVE: In the present study, we assessed a new brand of reagents for use in skin testing in patients with suspected penicillin allergy. METHODS: Prick tests and intradermal tests were performed with benzylpenicilloyl polylysine (PPL) and minor determinant mixture (MDM). Penicillin G, amoxicillin, and the culprit beta-lactam were also tested. If skin tests were negative, a single-blind oral challenge test was performed with the culprit active principle or penicillin. If both skin tests and challenge tests were negative, the same procedure was repeated between 2 and 4 weeks later. RESULTS: A total of 636 patients were assessed. The allergy study was positive in 69 patients. Skin tests with PPL were positive in 30 patients (46.8%) and with MDM in 28 (43.7%). Sixteen patients displayed a positive reaction to both PPL and MDM (25%), while 42 patients (65.6%) had a positive reaction to either PPL or MDM alone. Thirty-two patients had positive skin test reactions to penicillin G or another p-lactam antibiotic. Five patients in whom a negative result was obtained in skin tests had a positive reaction to oral challenge. CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicate that a new brand of determinants that is commercially available in Europe is a reliable and useful tool for the diagnosis of beta-lactam allergy. The new reagents are a safe alternative to the previously available brand.

[Evaluation of nasal inflammation]. / Valoración de la inflamación nasal.

In the reaction of immediate hypersensibility to alergene is joined to its specific type IgE antibody, also united to the high affinity receptors for IgE (FccI) of the effecters cells fundamentally mastocites and basophiles. The interbreeding of these molecules Fcc to RI, after the union ofpolyvalent antigenes to IgE, active these cells, producing three biologic responses: excitosis of the preformed content of its granules, synthesization of lipidic mediators and citoquine secretion. The inflammation mediators are in last term, substances responsible of the clinic symptomatology. They can be divided generally in preformed mediators (biogene amines and macromolecules of the granules) and of new synthese mediators (lipidic and citoquine mediators).

Valoración de la inflamación nasal / Evaluation of nasal inflammation

En la reacción de hipersensibilidad inmediata, el alérgenose une a su anticuerpo específico tipo IgE, unido a su vez a los receptores de alta afinidad para la IgE (FccRI) de las células efectoras, fundamentalmente mastocitos y basófilos. El entrecruzamiento de estas moléculas de F ccRI tras la unión de antígenos polivalentes a la IgE, activa a estas células produciéndóse tres respuestas biológicas: exocitosis del contenido preformado de sus gránulos, sintetización de mediadores lipídicos y secreción de citoquinas. Los mediadores de la inflamación son en último termino, las sustancias responsables de la sintomatología clínica. Pueden dividirse en general en mediadores preformados (aminas biógenas y macromoléculas de los gránulos) y mediadores de nueva síntesis (mediadores lípidicos y citoquinas)

In the reaction of immediate hypersensibility to alergene is joined to itsspecific type IgE antibody, also united to the high afflnity receptors for IgE (FccI) of the effecters cells fundamentally mastocites and basophiles. The interbreeding of these molecules Fcc to RI, after the union ofpolyvalent antigenes to IgE, active these cells, producing three biologic responses: excitosis of the preformed content of its granules, synthesization of lipidic mediators and citoquine secretion. The inflammation mediators are in last term, substances responsible of the clinic symptomatology. They can be divided generally in preformed mediators (biogene amines and macromolecules ofthe granules) and ofnew synthese mediators (lipidic and citoquine mediators)

Alergia al látex en el Servicio de Urgencias y Emergencias / Latex allergy at the Emergency Services

La alergia al látex es una enfermedad con una incidencia desconocida. Sin embargo, los grupos de riesgo mencionados en esta revisión tienen unas probabilidades más altas que la población general de poder padecer síntomas alérgicos, en algunas ocasiones poniendo en peligro sus vidas. El manejo de los pacientes con alergia al látex requiere básicamente adoptar medidas de evitación de productos con látex por lo que debería contarse con ubicaciones y material libre de látex en todos los Servicios de Urgencias. El diagnóstico de la alergia al látex requiere una evaluación alergológica completa, aunque una anamnesis detallada nos puede guiar de un modo fiable hacia un posible diagnóstico. El personal sanitario de los Servicios de Urgencias debería concienciarse de la importancia en la disminución de la utilización de productos con látex en los Servicios de Urgencias, principalmente mediante la utilización de guantes con bajo contenido y libre de polvo lubricante (powder-free), tanto para disminuir el riesgo de desencadenar síntomas en pacientes hipersensibles al látex que desconocen su afección, como para evitar sensibilizaciones futuras en los pacientes que acuden con frecuencia a los Servicios de Urgencias. Además, un ambiente de trabajo de bajo contenido en látex favorece la disminución del riesgo para el propio personal de desarrollar una posible enfermedad ocupacional. Finalmente, sería recomendable la realización de estudios epidemiológicos en nuestro medio para conocer la incidencia real de la alergia al látex tanto en la población general como en los usuarios de los Servicios de Urgencias (AU)

The incidence of latex allergy is unknown. However, the risk groups enumerated in the present review have a higher probability than that in the general population to experience allergic symptoms, which may occasionally be life-threatening. The management of patients with latex allergy basically requires the implementation of exclusion measures for avoiding the use of latex-containing products; for this reason, latex-free premises and material should be available at all Emergency services. The diagnosis of latex allergy demands a full and complete allergologic assessment, though a detailed anamnesis may reliably orient towards its possible diagnosis. The Emergency health care personnel should be made aware of the importance of reducing the use of low-latex-containing products at the Emergency services, mainly through the use of low-latex-content and powder-free gloves, both in order to reduce the risk of inducing symptoms in latex-hypertensitive patients who are not aware of their condition and to prevent future sensitisations in patients who are frequent users of the Emergency servies. Furthermore, a low-latex-content work environment promotes the reduction of the risk of developing a possible occupational disease for the heath care personnel themselves. Finally, epidemiologic studies should be carried out in oru environment in order to assess the true incidence of latex allergy both in the general population and in the users of Emergency services (AU)